Frostbite in snow and ice camping:
Frostbite usually occurs when the temperature drops to minus 1 ℃. The first part of the body vulnerable to frostbite is exposed skin on the body surface, such as hands, nose, ears, face, etc; The second is the area far away from the heart, such as feet, which is mainly because the area far away from the heart is least affected by blood circulation.
Symptoms: First you will feel tingling, then your skin will appear pale spots, accompanied by numbness. Then cobble like hard lumps will appear, accompanied by pain, swelling, redness, blisters, and finally weaken and disappear.
Treatment: preliminary frostbite: put the frostbite part in a warm place, such as holding your hand under your armpit or putting your foot against your partner's stomach, but do not stay with your partner for too long. The recovery will cause pain.
Deep frostbite: timely prevent further deterioration of the injury after discovery. The best way is to put the frostbite part in warm water at about 28-28.5 degrees to slowly recover, but never rub it with snow or bake it with fire.
Severe frostbite: at this time, the possible symptom is blistering, which is not only easy to be infected, but also easy to turn to fester. Then the frostbitten part will gradually turn gray, black, necrotic, and finally peel off. At this time, the patient should be sent to the hospital for treatment as soon as possible. Do not prick the blister or rub the wound. If the wound is heated, it will cause severe pain.
Snow blindness in alpine skiing:
Snow blindness refers to the temporary loss of vision caused by the human eye being in the environment where the intensity of the sun light is too high, too concentrated, and reflected by the ground ice and snow or by the ice crystals in the clouds for a long time.
Symptoms: At first, when the eyes are wide open, the eyes feel very sensitive. Then, the eyes blink without stopping, accompanied by squint, and then pink will appear in the sight, and gradually deepen, with a sense of grinding pain.
Treatment: go to dark places, cover your eyes, and place ice wet in front of your forehead to prevent the heat from aggravating the pain.
Survival signal
In case of danger, in addition to arranging your basic survival needs, the next thing you need to do is send out a distress signal that needs help from others. They have many methods, which are different under different conditions, even under the same environment. In short, use everything available around you to attract others' attention. When people find you, you will succeed.
If you have a radio, you can send a help signal as soon as possible. The rescue team looks forward to knowing your location as soon as possible. It will be very helpful to know the location and wind direction of the disaster.
Often you should start a fire - three fires are internationally recognized distress signals. The fire shall be as large and obvious as possible. Place ground signals to attract attention. Use the pyrotechnic signal when you see that it is possible to get help within the effective range.
Use all available objects such as stones, trees and even clothes around to display the "SOS" international universal distress signal. The font should be placed on the open ground, as large and obvious as possible.
Protective glasses can be worn
We see on TV that mountaineers and skiers usually wear protective glasses when they come out. Protective glasses can not only cover the snow splashed from the ground, but also filter the strong light, greatly reducing the irritation and damage to the eyes caused by the strong light.
Snow blindness may cause temporary blindness
Zhang Rui, the attending physician, pointed out that snow blindness patients may have poor eyesight, and even temporarily lose their sight in serious cases. However, the patient does not need to panic excessively. The damage to the eyes caused by strong light can generally be recovered 24 hours after medical treatment, and can be recovered in 2-3 days. If the eye pain is not obvious, and there are no other obvious symptoms, let the eyes rest properly to recover.
